Sin and Punishment in The Scarlet Letter: A Feminist Perspective

In this article, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, which is set in the Puritan society of Boston in the middle of the seventeenth century, is subjected to a close and in-depth analysis. Within the realm of feminist studies, one of the most important topics to discuss is the way in which female characters are portrayed in works of fiction. The female protagonist of the novel is Hester Prynne whose sin and receiving punishment and, therefore, her self-development without being reliant on her male counterparts for livelihood, with ups and downs in the patriarchal society and being ostracized are taken into account for this study. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the narrative does not adhere to the antiquated norms of patriarchal heritage in its depiction of women; rather, it is a protest against the constraints that society places on women at the time it was written. A qualitative content analysis method is adopted to investigate the representation of female .

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Purpose of the study: The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn, already explored from different perspectives by many researchers, has relevance to the social matrix that how gender identity is constructed in the text. In order to explore this perspective, the study deals with the character of Hester Prynne as how she is deconstructing normative gender. Methodology: For this purpose, the theory of ‘Imitation and Gender Insubordination’ presented by Butler (1993) has been applied. Secondly, the study tries to answer the gender identity of Hester Prynne by using Freudian ‘Identification of gender.’ Lastly, the work is concerned with Hester Prynne’s avoiding the danger of being leper and castaway. The last analysis owes itself to the Freudian understanding of psychoanalysis. Main Findings: The findings show that gender is purely volatile and oscillating and is usually being constructed by feminist narratives, social appropriations, inborn congenital schema, and sexual orientations. Butl.

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The research intends to study human frailty and the protagonist, Hester Prynne's her courage to overcome it, her resolute will and perseverance against the tyrannical and confining Puritan society.

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The twentieth century intellectual and historical processes like deconstruction and decolonization have repudiated centuries held myths of universality, originality and ahistoricity of the texts. The myth of originality of a text is replaced by the phenomenon of intertextual correspondence. A text is a composite picture of quotations which is not only inspired from previous texts but also transforms them. The communication between the author and the reader is always partnered by an intertextual relation between written words and their prior existence in past texts. In the past several years, the body of criticism on the intertextual correspondence between the writers has grown tremendously due to the renewed interest in classical stories/myths among contemporary writers. The present study is a study in intertextual mode which examines and evaluates intertextual correspondence between Hawthorne'

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This article will discuss novelist Andrew Sinclair's unpublished version of "The Scarlet Letter" (1972). It shows how Sinclair�s version reinterprets the idea of the Fall to demonstrate how the Puritans failed to create a city on a Hill, purified and distinct from the secular society in Britain. Sinclair's version of The Scarlet Letter emphasizes this notion of decline in newly-created witchcraft scenes involving Mistress Hibbins that underline how far the Puritans have deviated from the path of progress, both economic and spiritual. In the second part of this article I discuss how Sinclair creates other sequences of sex and sorcery that recall other British films of the period such as The Devil Rides Out (1968) and The Nightcomers (1971). Such moments took advantage of the more relaxed climate of censorship prevailing at that time (a new category of �X� films had been created in Britain in 1967, designed specifically for over-18 year olds), as well as giving Sinclair the chance to address feminist issues characteristic of late 1960s Britain as Hester and her fellow-Puritan women seek to forge lives on their own. This version of The Scarlet Letter captured the mood of a period when women enjoyed a greater freedom to determine their sexual lives, while polemics such as Germaine Greer�s The Female Eunuch (1970) offered visions of a future in which the family, marriage or even the presence of men no longer seemed significant.

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This writing is to identify the description and form of Puritanism, Romanticism and Reason found in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter . Method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through library research with dynamic structuralism. Furthermore, the result expected is to find out description through Puritanism, Romanticism and Reason analysis on the three characters in The Scarlet Letter . Puritanism in The Scarlet Letter is showed by the society condition where people have pure transcendental relationship to the God. Romanticism is revealed by love relationship, individual freedom, passionate and happiness that related to overwhelming feeling. Reason in The Scarlet Letter is depicted by the three characters’ struggle in pursuing happiness with their reasonable actions even thoughthe societyhas not beenable toaccept it . Abstract Tulisan inibertujuan untukmengetahui gambarandanbentukPuritanisme , Romantisme danAlasan pada novel The Scarlet Letter karya NathanielHa.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter deals with the Puritan Boston and the treatment of the sin of adultery in that socio-cultural context. The aim of this paper is to explicate how Hester and her daughter Pearl are punished for their connection to the sin, with Hester being an active participant in, and Pearl the product of an illicit relationship. To do this, the paper first establishes how the Puritan colonies dealt with adultery and then looks at the representation of it in the novel. The external and internal aspects of punishment of Hester and Pearl are then analyzed.

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